Before an emergency occurs， the hospitals need to maintain a certain amount of emergency resource redundancy. Aiming at the problem of configuration optimization of hospital emergency resource redundancy under emergencies， firstly， based on the utility theory， by analyzing the utility performance of the hospital emergency resource redundancy， the emergency resource redundancy was defined and classified， and the utility function conforming to the marginal law was determined. Secondly， the redundancy configuration model of hospital emergency resources with maximal total utility was established， and the upper limit of emergency resource storage and the lower limit of emergency rationality were given as the constraints of the model. Finally， the combination of particle swarm optimization and sequential quadratic programming method was used to solve the model. Through case analysis， four optimization schemes for the emergency resource redundancy of the hospital were obtained， and the demand degree of the hospital emergency level to the hospital emergency resource redundancy was summarized. The research shows that with the emergency resource redundancy configuration optimization model， the emergency rescue of hospitals under emergencies can be carried out well， and the utilization efficiency of hospital emergency resources can be improved.